ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能。根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶重。文章论述了LC PUFAs(主要是ω-3)对现代高产母猪繁殖性能的影响,为在生产实践中合理添加应用LC PUFAs,提高母猪生产性能提供理论参考。     

疏干水资源化利用效益评价研究

疏干水资源化利用是将煤矿开采废水经处理后用于煤化工生产,其不仅可以缓解旱区煤炭及化工企业面临的水资源供需矛盾,而且还能改善生态环境。目前疏干水资源化利用项目已在蒙陕地区部分煤化工企业实施,但其具体效益尚未明了,文中以已实施该项目的煤化工企业为典型,采用静态和动态评价分析企业实施该项目产生的经济效益,定义并计算各评价指标,同时定性定量描述其社会、生态环境效益,构建完整综合的评价体系,从而全面阐释该项目各方效益,结果显示疏干水资源化利用项目经济、社会、生态环境效益显著,建议在行业及区域推广以促进旱区水资源可持续发展。     

采用双模态联合表征学习方法识别作物病害

基于深度卷积神经网络的视觉识别方法在病害诊断中表现出色,逐渐成为了研究热点。但是,基于深度卷积神经网络建立的视觉识别模型通常只利用了图像模态的数据,导致模型的识别准确率和鲁棒性,都依赖训练数据集的规模和标注的质量。构建开放环境下大规模的病害数据集并完成高质量的标注,通常需要付出巨大的经济和技术代价,限制了基于深度卷积神经网络的视觉识别方法在实际应用中的推广。该研究提出了一种基于图像与文本双模态联合表征学习的开放环境下作物病害识别模型(bimodalNet)。该模型在病害图像模态的基础上,进行了病害文本模态信息的嵌入,利用两种模态病害信息间的相关性和互补性,实现了病害特征的联合表征学习。最终bimodalNet在较小的数据集上取得了优于单纯的图像模态模型和文本模态模型的效果,最优模型组合在测试集的准确率、精确率、灵敏度、特异性和F1值分别为99.47%、98.51%、98.61%、99.68%和98.51%。该研究证明了利用病害图像和病害文本的双模态表征学习是解决开放环境下作物病害识别的有效方法。     

农户参与"生态桥"工程项目的认知与意愿分析

通过问卷调查北京平谷大桃种植户"生态桥"工程项目的参与现状,掌握种植户对生态农业认知及其参与情况,了解影响现阶段"生态桥"工程项目农户满意度的原因,并基于此提出改善状况的对策建议,帮助政府更好地推进"生态桥"工程项目的实施,激励种植户参与"生态桥"工程项目的意愿,进而帮助改善生产生活环境,加快生态农业的现代化建设.     

转基因甘蔗BtG-2的T-DNA侧翼序列分析及其转化事件特异性检测

转基因甘蔗BtG-2是利用农杆菌介导法把Cry1Ac-2A-gna融合抗虫基因导入‘新台糖22号’的转基因甘蔗株系,具有良好的抗虫特性和农艺性状。为了明确转基因甘蔗BtG-2的分子特征及其检测方法,推进其生物安全性评价工作,以BtG-2的T2代为研究材料,利用Southern杂交检测外源基因在转基因甘蔗基因组内的拷贝数;利用染色体步移技术分离外源基因在甘蔗基因组中插入位点的侧翼序列,并建立了该转化体高效灵敏的特异性PCR检测方法。结果表明：Southern杂交检测证明外源T-DNA以单拷贝方式插入BtG-2株系;经过3次的热不对称巢式PCR扩增,获得外源基因T-DNA左边侧翼序列984 bp和右边侧翼序列705 bp;以这2个序列和相应的T-DNA的左右端序列分别设计3对检测引物对,建立了BtG-2株系的转化事件特异性PCR检测方法,扩增效率最高的引物对LS011/LA451和RS160/RA588分别扩增到440 bp和428 bp的特异片段。其中T-DNA左侧设计的LS011/LA451检测引物对扩增的灵敏度高、特异性强,能够在甘蔗BtG-2基因组DNA相对含量为0.1%的模板中检测出转基因目的成分,相当于9个单倍体基因组拷贝数。本研究完成了转基因株系BtG-2的分子特征及其转化事件特异性检测,为该转基因甘蔗及其衍生产品的检测和身份识别提供技术依据。     

耐低温耐低氧萌发野败不育系赣野A的选育

赣野A是江西省农科院水稻研究所将东乡野生稻的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力导入抗稻瘟病保持系赣香B后再与赣香A测交和回交育成的野败型三系籼稻不育系。该不育系败育彻底,异交结实率高,配合力较强,具有较强的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力,在直播杂交稻育种中应用前景广阔。2019年通过了江西省品种审定。     

两种光照下低海拔引种云锦杜鹃的光合作用日变化

以移栽的野生云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei为材料,使用LI-6400便携式光合作用仪,分析10%光照和全光照下低海拔区域引种云锦杜鹃的光合日变化,结果显示10%光照下生长的云锦杜鹃蒸腾速率低于全光照下生长的云锦杜鹃,而水分利用效率高于全光照下云锦杜鹃的60.17%。两种光照下的云锦杜鹃净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化呈现"单峰"型。全光照下净光合速率下降是非气孔限制引起的,而10%光照下则为气孔限制引起。研究说明种植在低海拔环境的云锦杜鹃喜光的特性并不因为温度高而改变,但夏季遮荫措施还是有必要的。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.